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Objective To explore the clinical significance of T lymphocyte subsets and cytokines in the identifica-tion of Acinetobacter baumannii colonization and infection. Methods A total of 109 patients in hospital who had A. baumannii in sputum were collected. All patients were divided into colonization group (53 cases) and infection group (56 cases) according to the diagnostic criteria of hospital-acquired pneumonia by respiratory society, Chinese medical association. Another 50 healthy cases as control group. T lymphocyte subgroup and cytokines in peripheral blood were measured, the differences of T lymphocyte subgroup or cytokines between the groups were also com-pared. The factors of T lymphocyte subgroup or cytokines were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used for investigating the predictors for the infection of A. baumannii. Results Between colonization group and infection group, the significant differences were been found in T lymphocytes subgroup, TNF-α,IFN-γ and IL-17. The A. baumannii infection was positively associated with TNF-α ( rs=0.241, P =0.012), IFN-γ (rs=0.235, P=0.014), IL-2(rs=0.249, P=0.009), IL-4(rs=0.268, P=0.005) and IL-17 (rs=0.538, P=0.000), whereas which was negatively associated with CD3 +(rs= -0.193, P=0.045) and CD4 +/CD8 +(rs= -0.302, P=0.001). IFN-γ and IL-17 was the independent factors for discrimination of A. baumannii infection by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Conclusion Serum IFN-γ, IL-17 can be used as an indicator of Acinetobacter baumannii infection and colonization, and can provide a basis for the rational use of antimicrobial agents and nosocomial infection prevention and control.
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Objective To investigate choroid thickness at horizontal meridian with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and compare the choroid thickness difference between first visit myopia children with those children who wear orthokeratology lens for more than 1 year.Methods This retrospective study enrolled 68 myopia children with low to moderate myopia (-1.00--6.00 D) who visited our hospital and took choroid images by OCT.The total subjects were divided into 2 groups.The subjects of 34 children in group 1 visited for myopia initially and wear spectacles.The other one group wear orthokeratology lens more than 1 year.Only the data of right eye were analyzed.Scans through the fovea at horizontal meridian were acquired with OCT.Choroid images were detected by custom software with 500 μm intervals up to 3.5 mm around fovea.Choroid thickness (CT) was calc~ated based on the average of the 7 zones.Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate choroid thickness at each zone.ANOVA was used to compare choroid thickness differences between various zones in each group.Paired t test was used to compare choroid thickness difference at the same zone between two groups.Results The mean age of OK lens group was (12.3 ± 1.8) years old,and the spectacles group was (11.8 ± 1.4) years old,there was no statistical difference.From temple to nasal choroid,the mean CT of the orthokeratology lens group were (296.7 ± 61.8) μm (T3),(290.7 ± 58.9) μm (T2),(285.7 ± 57.4) μm (T1),(278.5 ±57.7) μm (M),(262.2 ±57.9) μm (N1),(239.8 ±59.7) μm (N2),(214.7 ±59.0) μm (N3);And the mean CT of the spectacles group were (294.2 ± 45.4) μm (T3),(292.0±44.0) μm (T2),(283.6 ±45.5) μm (T1),(272.0 ±51.6) μm (M),(255.2 ± 56.3) μm (N1),(236.5 ±58.1)μm (N2),(212.8 ±57.7) μm (N3),respectively.The thicknesses were significantly thicker in temple zones than that in nasal zones in each group (all P ＜ 0.05),but the CT was not significantly different between the two groups in each zone (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The choroid thickness has regional deference in myopia children,the thickest is in the temple and the thinnest in the nasal region.There is no significant difference between the children who initially corrected by spectacles and those who wear OK lens more than 1 year.
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Objective To study the antiviral effects of Pudilan xiaoyan oral liquid on Hep-2 cell models infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenoviruses serotype 3 strains (ADV3) in vitro. Methods The cell cytotoxic and inhibition effect of Pudilan xiaoyan oral liquid on RSV or ADV3 were investigated by MTT assay and the inhibitory assay for cytopathic effect (CPE) in Hep-2 cell cultures to detect its antiviral effects. Results The median toxic concentration (TC50) of Pudilan xiaoyan oral liquid on Hep-2 cells was 776.97 mg/L. The median effective concentration (EC50) of inhibiting RSV and ADV3 were 28.08, 28.10 mg/L,whose therapeutic index (TI) were 27.67 and 27.65 respectively. The safety coefficient of Pudilan xiaoyan oral liquid is higher than that of control, ribavirin. Compared with the virus control group, Pudilan xiaoyan oral liquid can obviously produce actions of a dose-dependent relationship to inhibit CPE in Hep-2 cells infected with RSV or ADV3 virus. Conclusions Pudilan xiaoyan oral liquid significantly improves the protection against RSV and ADV3 virus infection in Hep-2 cells. And the inhibition of CPE induced by viruses infection increased with the elevation of higher drug concentration for its antiviral effect augmented in vitro.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Design a convenient and stable eye refractometer based on the theory of blur circle.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Analyze the retinal blur circle in both Emsly reduced eye model and Liou & Brennan 1997 eye model by ZEMAX. Design the coefficients including PD (pupil diameter) and NO' (length between node point and fovea) with the purpose of improving the accuracy. At last, compare the clinical optometry data from this refractor with the data obtained from optometry hospital in Wenzhou.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The blur circle diameters are nearly the same in both reduced eye model and the Liou & Brennan 1997 eye model. With the PD = 4 mm and NO' = 20 mm, the refractor shows a fine accuracy in optometry. The paired t test shows that the myopia group and the astigmatism axial direction group have no statistical difference between the data from the blur circle refractor and the hospital (P > 0.05), while the astigmatism degree group has the result of P = 0.41 which may be caused by the poor cooperation of pediatric patients. 80% of the astigmatism degree data differ from the data from the hospital in less than 0.75D.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The blur circle refractor, with the features of convenience and fine accuracy, is promised to be a new style of refractometer in the future.</p>
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Humans , Astigmatism , Equipment Design , Fovea Centralis , Models, Statistical , Myopia , Ophthalmoscopes , Ophthalmoscopy , Refraction, Ocular , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
AIM: After human lung epithelial cells (A549) infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), inducer cells over-express active transmitter. The study investigated the expression changes in nuclear factor ?B (NF-?B), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA and protein, nitric oxide (NO) and malonaldehyde (MDA) on human lung epithelial cells (A549) infected with RSV. METHODS: Experiments were performed at the Laboratory of Etiology and Immunology, Anhui Medical University between December 2006 and May 2007. ① Gyopreserved virus broliferated in Hep-2 cells after recovery. A549 cells infected with RSV in vitro were used to collect cells and cellular culture supernatant at hours 4, 8, 16 and 24. Cells non-infected with RSV were served as controls. ② Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to evaluate the expression of iNOS mRNA. The expression of iNOS protein and NF-?B was detected by Western-Blot. The concentrations of NO and MDA were measured by nitrate reductase method and thiobarbituric acid method. RESULTS: ①The basal expression of NF-?B was increased with the prolongation of RSV infection to A549 cells. ②RSV infection to A549 increased the amounts of mRNA and protein of iNOS in a time-dependent manner. The expression of iNOS mRNA was about 12 times as many as basal expression. RSV infection promoted the expression of iNOS protein, which was higher than the control group. The activities of NF-?B significantly were positively correlated with the mRNA and protein expression of iNOS. ③RSV could improve A549 cells secreting NO and MDA, but the NO levels rose slowly during the 24 hours of infection. CONCLUSION: The inflammatory response of RSV can increase the activity of NF-?B and it is positive correlated with the increase in iNOS mRNA and protein levels.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the relatedness between chronic hepatitis C patients in southern Anhui Province, and the serum ALT levels, the quantity of HCV RNA and the HCV genotypes. METHODS The rate method and fluorescence quantitative PCR method were used to detect serum levels of ALT and HCV RNA in 141 cases of chronic hepatitis C patients in southern Anhui Province. Reverse transcript PCR was used to genotype in 50 cases of specimens. RESULTS Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to analyze correlation between serum ALT levels and the quantity of HCV RNA, rs=0.213, P=0.011
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Aim To discover the change of synaptic plasticity by supplementing DHA during development period in rats. Method We divided Wistar rats into two groups: fish oil group and control group. The fish oil rats were supplemented with fish oil(5?10~3 ml?g-1 body weight) by gavage daily. The control rat was supplemented with NS of the same dose. 90 days later, each rat was hippocampus of anaesthetized and LTP and LTD were recorded at hippocampus of the same rat. Result Compared to the control group, DHA group presented an obvious increase in PS LTP, while no changes were found in EPSP LTP. On the other hand,DHA group demonstrated an obvious canceling effect on both EPSP and PS LTD. Conclusion There exist effects on synaptic plasticity after supplement with DHA. It may be one of the factors that DHA improves learning and memory.
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Objective To study the antiviral and antibacterial effects of the effective site of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM-ES).Methods Chicken embryoes were infected with influenza virus A(FM1 strain) and pre-injected with TCM-ES by means of chicken-embryo inoculation technique,and the antiviral effect of TCM-ES on chicken embryo was assayed by detecting the hemagglutination titers in allantoic fluids.Mice were orally pretreated with various dosages of drugs twice daily for 3 days,then were given drugs continuously for another 4 days following FM1 infection.The protective effects of TCM-ES on mice infected with FM1 were assayed by calculating the weight,index of lung,death-protection rate,and life-prolongation rate,etc.Ribavirin was used as the positive control.In addition,the antibacterial effects of TCM-ES were observed by detecting the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC) by test-tube dilution method.Results In chicken embryo experiments,TCM-ES showed a potential inhibiting effect on influenza virus with the MIC of 10 mg/mL,which was weaker than ribavirin.The results of animal experiment showed that the body-weight(BW) and pulmonary index of infected model group decreased evidently compared with those of the normal group,TCM-ES groups at the dosages of 750 mg/kg and 1500 mg/kg could reverse the decrease of BW and lung index as compared with the infected models,the difference being insignificant as compared with the normal group.Moreover,TCM-ES also increased the death-protection rate and life-prolongation rate of mice in a dose-dependent manner.TCM-ES at dosage of 10 mg/mL(MIC and MBC) had an antibacterial effect on staphylococcus,while had no effect on gram-negative bacilli.Conclusion TCM-ES has obvious antivirus effect on influenza virus FM1 strain,and also has certain antibacterial effect on staphylococcus,which is worth of further development and research.